Any hydraulic structures (bridges, moorings, piers, breakwaters, etc.) are permanently exposed to very different factors not limited to water, salt, thermal gradient, wind and so on. So, they are worn and need maintenance, repair and timely replacement.

HS repair comprises bottom dredging, assembly and disassembly of engineering structures, concreting (which is very important in case of repairing dams) and metal structure processing. When repairing a berth, its expansion should be given special attention.

At average, HS lifetime, especially that of berths, is twice as long as that of ships. And shipbuilding and floating trade are developing very fast. So, berths which one day considered to be state-of-the-art and meeting fleet requirements are becoming obsolete.

The most acute problems in HS repair are concrete structure restoration and damp proofing. Designers from Russia and other countries tackle them. And substantial advances have been got in the area of improving properties of special classes of concrete.